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Termites eat cellulose. Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on the planet. To find other and wood cellulose sources, termites construct miniature, highways that are private beneath the soil that could radiate more than 50 m out of their nests.
Perhaps the most famous termite nests are those made by the magnetic termite, Amitermes meridionalis, in Australia. These nests are oriented in a north-south direction. Other species construct mounds of various shapes and sizes, while others nest in wood, underground from the dirt, or from trees.
The combined mass of termites in the world is estimated at 44 5 million tonnes, placing them alongside krill cattle, ants and people at the upper ten.
Outside our houses, termites play a crucial role as carbon recyclers and therefore are considered keystone species in tropical ecosystems, such as habitats like those of Africa, Australia and South America. They use gut excretions and nutrient-rich saliva to build tunnels, which boosts the soil's quality.
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They turned into a feast for many animals across the tropics when adult termites emerge in the nest.
Termites evolved over 1 40 million years back from cockroaches that burrowed to rotting timber. The closest relatives of termites are cockroaches from the genus Cryptocercus, located in mountainous regions of China, Korea and North America.
Mum and dad Cryptocercus setup and burrow to a huge log that will be their home (and source of food) for life. After meeting, the female lays a single clutch of 10 or so offspring, they both feed and look later for about three years roughly the life of a Cryptocercus. .
Their firstborn offspring started to look after another clutch of siblings, freeing dad and mum to produce more sons and brothers as termites evolved. Defend and the sisters remained to build the colony, and then feed and care for the young.
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A termite colony's populace these days can number in the millions. Each of the hens derive from of a single reproductive pair (the queen and king).
From the Western termite Reticulitermes speratus, the king tends to outlive the queen. But the queen creates many half-clones of herself with no genetic input in the king (a form of virgin birth). All these clones replace their dead mother, and all mate with the king. In 1 colony, over 600 of those queen-clones have been discovered, making it the biggest harem known in the animal kingdom. .
The vast majority of termite offspring in a colony won't ever replicate. Rather, these view it now worker and soldier termites remain in a state of development that is suspended, never getting adults. Soldier termites strike predators to ensure the existence of the colony and also have developed remarkable limbs or snouts that spray toxic compounds.
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In certain species like Neocapritermes taracua in South America, workers sacrifice themselves through using an backpack. They do it by rupturing their epidermis, which generated modified substances that are harmful to any predators and allows chemicals that are normally harmless to mix.
All the employees and soldiers' efforts go towards increasing a proportion of sisters and the brothers to adulthood, usually annually. This select few will develop wings (all four of that are almost identical, hence the scientific name Isoptera meaning equivalent wings), set up and promulgate the genes they share with their siblings back home. .
The dark, humid regions under the floor of Australian houses provide the ideal atmosphere for termites make their highways that are coated up foundations into a mother-lode of frames and to emerge in the soil.
In Australia, approximately a billionDollars is spent each year on control. House-eating termites are common in the north, even though they are found throughout the entire world. Only a few are considered pests while there are over 300 species of termite.
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Their sophisticated social network is their Achilles heel. Termite baits include compounds check my source that interrupt their nervous systems or prevent termites. Workers voraciously feed on the bait and take it back into the colony, where the poison is spread into king, the queen as well as their offspring.
However, as one colony is killed, another is prepared to take over. Termites have been around quite a while and they are unlikely to go away anytime soon.